Jean de La Fontaine
Doğumu 8 Temmuz 1621
Fransa/Château-Thierry Ölümü 13 Nisan 1695
Fransa / Paris
Jean de La Fontaine (okunuşu Lafonten) (d. 8 Temmuz 1621Château-Thierry - ö. 13 Nisan 1695 Paris) Fransız şair ve yazar.
Yazdığı fabl eserleri ile tanınmıştır. Varlıklı bir ailenin çocuğuydu. Pariste kolejde okudu. . Hukuk tahsili yaptı. Papaz yetiştirilmek istenildi ise de kiliseden ayrıldı. Okul hayatında başarılı bir öğrenci olamadı. Gençliğinde baba mesleği olan orman ve su kanalları işleriyle uğraştı. Çeşitli memurluklarda bulunmuş, düzensiz bir hayat yaşamıştır.
1673 senesinde Madam de la Sablièrenin himayesine girerek burada ilimfelsefeciler ve yazarlarla tanıştı. İlk masallarını burada yazdı. Çağdaşları, La Fontainei . bir masal yazarı olarak görüyorlardı. Halbuki La Fontaine, yazdığı masallarda Dede Korkut masallarındaki uslupla hayvanlaraahlaki karakterler vererek onların şahıslarında bazı insan karakterlerini tenkidahlak dersi vermiştir. Buna edebiyatta teşhis ve intak sanatı denir. La Fontainein bu hususiyeti çok geç fark edilmiştir. Eserlerinde sadelik ve açıklık görülür. Konuşma şeklinde akıcı şiirleri, hayvanlar . üzerinde tenkitleri, incitmeden iğneleme usulleri ile Fransız edebiyatına büyük eserler kazandırmıştır. adamları, etmiş, bir
La Fontaine masallarındaki konular, şark klasiklerinden alınmadır. La Fontaineden çok önceleri yazılmış Beydebanın Kelile ve Dimne eserindeki hikayelerin 18 tanesi[1], bu Fransız edebiyatçısı tarafından şiir şeklinde tekrarlanmıştır. Masalları çoğunlukla herkesin anlayabileceği bir şekilde yazılmıştır. La Fontainein . canlı, hızlı, incelik ve nükte dolu bir anlatımı vardır. Kişilerini hemen daima hayvanlar arasından seçerse de bazan insanları, bilhassa köylüleri de olaylara karıştırır. Sık sık bahsettiği hayvanlar aslan, kurt, tilki, eşek ve horozdur.
La Fontaine, kötüyü göstererek iyinin ne olduğunu anlatmaya . çalışmıştır. Ancak şiirlerini okuyan çocuklarda herhangi bir açıklama yapılmazsa tam ters etkinin hasıl olduğu da bir gerçektir.
Masalları toplam olarak 238 adet olup, 12 kitapta toplanmıştır. 1668de basılan ilk altı kitabında 124 masal vardır ve bunlar birinci cildi meydana getirir. İkinci cilt 1678de basılan beş kitaptır. En son 1694de bastırdığı üçüncü cilt ise tek kitaptan ibarettir.
La Fontaine, roman ve piyes de yazmıştır. Nakaratlı uzunca şiirleri ve şiirlimektupları vardır. Hadım, Gülünç Macera, Floransalı, Büyük Maşrapa, Köy Sevdaları komedi türündeki eserlerindendir. Contes (Kont) isminde şiirlihikayeler eserinden dolayı Fransız Akademisine kabul edildi.13 Nisan 1695te Pariste öldü.
Eserleri birçok dile tercüme edilmiştir. Ancak hiçbir tercüme orijinalindeki sadelik ve çekiciliği verememiştir.
Türkçeye ise, Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Tevfik Fikret ve Orhan Veli Kanık tarafından çevrilmiştir.
Ekleyen: Hakan - 03.03.2008 -
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